Indonesia's deforestation rates have slowed in recent years but the Southeast Asian nation was still ranked fourth globally for primary tropical forest loss in 2022 by the nonprofit World Resources Institute.

Instead, a joint declaration creates an alliance for combating forest destruction, with countries left to pursue their own individual deforestation goals.

The Kayapo leader, who became globally known for his environmental campaigning in the 1980s with musician Sting at his side, says he has visions of disaster.

This will continue while they seek fairer treatment for small palm oil producers.

The rules aim to eliminate deforestation from the supply chains of a range of everyday items sold in Europe.

From January to October, 9,494 sq km were cleared, equal to an area more than 12 times the size of New York City.

Satellite data from Brazilian space research agency INPE shows that 1,455 sq km were cleared in the Amazon last month, up 48% from a year ago.

Mines worldwide extract more than twice the amount of raw materials than they did in 2000, the study says.

Government satellite data shows 5,474 sq km were cleared in the region from January to July, up 7.3% from the same period of last year, equal to an area seven times the size of New York City.

The Amazon, the world's largest rainforest, contains vast amounts of carbon, which is released as trees are destroyed, warming the atmosphere and driving climate change.

The world's largest tropical rainforest lost 3,750 sq km of jungle since the beginning of the year, the worst numbers for that period since record-keeping began in 2016.

More than 1,000 sq km of the world's biggest rainforest was destroyed, nearly double the previous high.