Dam building is causing its own new challenges, from upending the lives of local people to new losses of forests and agricultural land, according to residents and campaigners.

Chushul village in the Ladakh region, a cold desert between India and China where less than 4 inches of annual rainfall and extreme seasonal temperature swings make it difficult for much to grow.

Curbing rising Amazon deforestation is vital to preventing runaway climate change impacts because of the vast amount of planet-heating carbon dioxide absorbed by the forest's trees.

Protecting trees is key to meeting ambitious climate goals, with tropical rainforest loss accounting for about 8% of annual carbon dioxide emissions, according to the Global Forest Watch.

A million species were found to be threatened with extinction in 2019.