Since 2020, OpenAI has developed its generative artificial intelligence technologies on a massive supercomputer constructed by Microsoft, one of its largest backers, that uses 10,000 of Nvidia's GPUs.

Many countries are planning AI regulation, and Britain is hosting a global AI safety summit in November, focusing on understanding the risks posed by the frontier technology.

OpenAI has already faced at least its second class action lawsuit in San Francisco federal court for allegedly breaking privacy laws.

The complaint said ChatGPT generated accurate summaries of the authors' books when prompted, indicating that their text is included in its database.

Humans will need better techniques to control a superintelligent AI, hence the need for breakthroughs in so-called 'alignment research,' which focuses on ensuring AI remains beneficial to humans, authors say.

Governments including the European Union are considering how to regulate the technology after OpenAI's ChatGPT became the fastest-growing consumer application in history.

OpenAI started off as a non-profit organisation but later created a hybrid 'capped-profit' company, that allowed it to raise external funds with a promise that the original non-profit operation still benefits.

The rapid development and popularity of generative AI since Microsoft-backed OpenAI launched ChatGPT last year are spurring global lawmakers to formulate laws to address safety concerns linked to the technology.

OpenAI should minimise the sensitive data it collects for machine learning, the Personal Information Protection Commission says, adding it may take further action if it has more concerns.