The ruling means Tesla will not have to face class action claims on behalf of much larger groups of vehicle owners.

Ashok Elluswamy says it showed capabilities like stopping at a red light and accelerating at a green light that the system did not have.

The recall covers some 2016-2022 Model S and Model X, 2017-2022 Model 3, and 2020-2022 Model Y vehicles.

As part of a preliminary probe opened after a series of accidents with emergency vehicles, the regulator ordered Elon Musk's company to provide information about confidentiality agreements with drivers who have been testing a new feature since October 2020.